Ipayipi le-boiler

Ipayipi le-boileripayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo eliklanyelwe ngokukhethekile-izinga lokushisa eliphezulu{1}}nesevisi yengcindezi ephezulu.Ipayipi lebhoyili elaziwa nangokuthi yi-Chrome-i-Moly Pipe (i-Chromium{4}}i-Molybdenum Alloy Steel Pipe) ivamisile.I-Cr–Mo low{0}}insimbi ye-alloyyakhelwe-izinga lokushisa eliphezulu/eliphezulu{1}}isevisi yengcindezi, lapho amandla e-creep kanye nokumelana ne-oxidation kulawula ukwethembeka komjikelezo wempilo. Empeleni, ukuthengwa kwe-"boiler pipe" kuqhutshwa ibanga-(isb, i-P11/P22/P91), ngenxa yokuthi idizayini yealloy + nokwelashwa kokushisa inquma{10}}ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside ngaphansi kwesitimu kanye nomsebenzi wamanzi ashisayo .

Ngokungeza i-chromium (Cr) ne-molybdenum (Mo) kunsimbi, lawa mapayipi anikeza{0}}amandla aphezulu ezinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu, ukumelana nokukhuphuka, ukumelana ne-oxidation, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Asetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni ezibucayi eziphatha isitimu, uketshezi olushisayo, kanye nemithombo yezindaba ebolayo, njengamabhoyili ezitshalo zamandla, izifudumezi ze-petrochemical, izishintshisi zokushisa, namapayipi okucindezela.
Njengoba sekuyiminyaka yokuhlangenwe nakho kokuhlinzekwa kwephrojekthi yomhlaba wonke, i-Octal Pipe ikhiqiza futhi ilethe amapayipi obhayela ngokuhambisana ngokugcwele namazinga e-ASTM, ASME, DIN, EN. Amabanga ahlanganisa i-P1–P92 ne-P122, eqinisekisa izixazululo zayo yonke into kusukela kumabhayela avamile kuya kumayunithi athuthukisiwe{4}}aphakeme kakhulu.

• ASTM A335 / ASME SA335: Amapayipi angenamthungo ensimbi ye-Ferritic alloy yesevisi-yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu
• ASTM A213 / ASME SA213: Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo we-boiler kanye nezicelo ze-superheater
• I-DIN EN 10216-2: Amashubhu ensimbi angenamthungo ngezinjongo zokucindezela

Amabanga Ajwayelekile Nezicelo:

• P1, P2– Amabanga aphansi-engxubevange yesevisi yezinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo
• P11, P12, P22- Isetshenziswa kakhulu emigqeni yamandla ne-petrochemical ephezulu-yezinga lokushisa
• P5, P9, P21- Ukumelana nokugqwala okuthuthukisiwe kwezindawo zamakhemikhali ezifunayo
• P91, P92, P122- Amabanga aphakeme-okusebenza aphezulu-ama-boilers aphezulu kakhulu anempilo ende yesevisi namandla aphakeme

Ukucaciswa Kwepayipi Lebhoyili (Usayizi, Isheduli, Iziphetho nezivivinyo)

Kumadokhumenti ephrojekthi,"ibanga le-boiler tube steel"ngokuvamile ibhekisela kuI-ASTM A213ama-tube amabanga, ngenkathi"ipayipi le-boiler"izinkomba ezijwayelekileI-ASTM A335amabanga amapayipi. I-A213 imboza ubhayela wengxubevange engenamthungo/i-superheater/heat-amashubhu okushintshana, futhi i-A335 imboza ingxubevange ye-ferritic engenamthungo{4}}ipayipi lensimbi-lesevisi yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu-imindeni yezinto ezihlobene, kodwa ecaciswe ngendlela ehlukile kuma-BOM namaphakheji okuhlola.

Ukuze ugweme ukudideka kwebanga ekuthengweni nasekukhishweni kwempahla, sebenzisa le mithetho esebenzayo:

Umthetho 1 - Qondanisa igama lebanga nohlobo lwento:bhalaT-amabangangezinto ze-A213 tube kanyeP-amabangangezinto zepayipi ze-A335. Lokhu kuvimbela ukwenqatshwa "kokusebenza okulungile, isitifiketi esingalungile" phakathi nokubuyekezwa kwe-EPC.

Umthetho 2 - Sebenzisa-izithenjwa ezihlukene kuphela njengesiqondiso, hhayi esikhundleni:amaphrojekthi avame ukubonwaP11 ↔ T11futhiP22 ↔ T22njengomndeni ofanayo wesevisi (ipayipi uma iqhathaniswa neshubhu), kodwa i-PO kusafanele ibize izinga elifanele kanye nefomu lomkhiqizo.

Umthetho 3 - Ungahlanganisi ishubhu engenamthungo vs izimfuneko zamapayipi angenamthungo:Izinto zamashubhu e-A213 zivame ukuboshelwa emithethweni yokwenziwa kwekhoyili ye-heater/boiler kanye nezidingo eziqinile zendawo/i-ID, kuyilapho izinto zamapayipi e-A335 ngokuvamile zigxila emngceleni wokucindezela kanye nokuthobela ikhodi yamapayipi.

Umthetho 4 - Ukukhetha ibanga kumayelana namandla-esikhathi eside aphezulu{2}}amandla ezinga lokushisa:aphezulu-amabanga akhuphukayo njengeP91/P92ngokuvamile zicaciswa lapho idizayini idinga-amandla esikhathi eside angcono ezingeni lokushisa eliphakeme, hhayi nje "isivuno esiphezulu." Qinisekisa izinga eliqondile kanye nesimo sokwelashwa kokushisa esidingwa yikhodi/i-spec.

Isimiso 5 - Caphuna iphakheji yokuhlola/yokwelapha ukushisa, hhayi kuphela ibanga:kumaphakheji wempahla yamapayipi e-boiler, abathengi bavame ukudinga ukucaciselekaisimo sokwelashwa kokushisafuthiInani eliphakeme kakhulu lama-NDT(ngephrojekthi ngayinye ye-ITP) ngoba lokhu kuthinta ngokuqondile ukwamukelwa{0}}kusevisi yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.

Umthetho 6 - Uma uhlu lwezisetshenziswa luthi "ithubhu," ungafaki "ipayipi" (ngokuphambene nalokho):noma ngabe ubukhulu bubukeka bufana, umzila ojwayelekile/wesitifiketi uhlukile futhi ungacupha ukungahambisani nokwamukela.

Ithiphu yokuthenga:Lapho uthumela ama-RFQ, faka amagama ento yomugqa ngendlela avela ngayo ohlwini lwamathuluzi (isb., "ASTM A213 T22 boiler tube" noma "ASTM A335 P22 boiler pipe"), bese wengeza i-OD×WT, ubude, namadokhumenti adingekayo-lena indlela eshesha kakhulu yokugwema isitifiketi esingafani ekukhishweni kokubalulekile.

• Amandla Aphakeme Aphakeme{0}Ezinga lokushisaNgenxa yokuqiniswa kwe-Cr-I-Mo alloy reinforcement, i-Boiler Pipes ingagcina amandla azinzile futhi iqinile ku-600℃nangaphezulu, imelana nokuwohloka kokushisa. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza-kwesikhathi eside, okuphephile, futhi okuzinzile ngaphansi-kwensizakalo yomfutho ophakeme kanye noketshezi olushisayo.
• I-Creep Resistance & Nempilo Yesevisi EnwetshiweI-Plastic deformation (ukwehla) ngaphansi kwezimo-zezinga lokushisa ezinde isikhathi eside kanye{1}}nokucindezela okuphezulu kuyimodi yokwehluleka evamile. I-Chrome-Amapayipi e-Moly, anezilinganiso ezithuthukisiwe ze-Cr{{4}Mo nokwelashwa kokushisa, abonisa ukumelana nokuchwensa, okuvumela amashumi ezinkulungwane zamahora esevisi eqhubekayo ngaphandle kokungaqini kobukhulu. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuvalwa okungahleliwe kanye nezindleko zokuyilungisa.
• I-Superior Oxidation & Corrosion Resistance Chromium (Cr)yakha ungqimba oluqinile lwe-oxide evikelayo, inciphisa i-oxidation ku-steam negesi eshisayo; I-Molybdenum (Mo) ithuthukisa ukumelana nesulfure- kanye ne-chlorine-equkethe imidiya. Lokhu kuvumela amapayipi ukuthi afinyelele impilo ende yesevisi ezindaweni ezinokhahlo njengamabhoyili kagesi, izifudumezi zokuhluza, nama-reactor amakhemikhali.
• Ukushisela Okuhle Kakhulu Nokwenziwa Kuyahambisanangokushisela okuzenzakalelayo,{0}}kusayithi lokushisela, nezindlela eziningi zokugcwalisa, okuqinisekisa amalunga aqinile{1}}angenasici. Ngokusebenza kahle (ukugoba, ukusika, i-beveling), lawa mapayipi avumelana kakhulu nezakhiwo zesistimu eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezinto zokusebenza{3}}ezakhiwe ngokwezifiso.
• Ububanzi Bebanga Elibanzi Namazinga Amazwe Ngamazwe Kusuka ku-P1/P2izixazululo ezongayo ze-P91/P92 yezinketho zempilo ende ezithuthukisiwe{2}}, amamaki angakhethwa ngokusekelwe kuzinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, nohlobo olumaphakathi, ukulinganisa ukusebenza kanye nezindleko. Iqinisekiswe ngokugcwele ku-ASTM, ASME, EN, DIN, le mikhiqizo yamukelwa kalula kumaphrojekthi omhlaba.
• Izindleko Zomjikelezo Wempilo ElungiselelweNakuba utshalomali lwasekuqaleni luphakeme kune-carbon steel, i-Chrome-I-Moly Boiler Pipes iletha impilo yesevisi ende, imijikelezo yokunakekela embalwa, nokusebenza kahle kwemishini, okuholela ezindleko eziphelele zobunikazi (TCO) eziphansi kakhulu. Zifanele ikakhulukazi izimboni zokuphehla ugesi, ukucwengwa, nezimboni zamandla lapho isikhathi nokuthembeka kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-Chrome-I-Moly Boiler Pipes kuvela ekwakhiweni kwe-alloy.

• I-Chromium (Cr)inikeza ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-oxidation
• I-Molybdenum (Mo)ithuthukisa{0}}amandla ezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokumelana nokunyakaza
• I-Carbon (C), I-Manganese (Mn), ne-Silicon (Si)zilawulwa ngokuqinile
• Landelela izakhi(V, Nb, N, njll.) kumabanga aphezulu (P91, P92) athuthukisa ukuqina namandla{3}}esikhathi eside

Amanani anemininingwane wokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ayatholakala kuthebula elingezansi.

Ukusebenza kwemishini kubalulekile-ezindaweni zokushisa eziphezulu kanye{1}}nengcindezi ephezulu.

• Amandla Okuqinaiqinisekisa ukuthi amapayipi amelana nokuphuka ngaphansi kwengcindezi emazingeni okushisa aphakeme
• Isivuno Amandlainikeza imingcele yokuphepha eyanele ngaphansi kwengcindezi eqhubekayo
• Ukusebenza{0}okuphezuluamamaki afana ne-P91/P92 anikeza amandla nokubekezela okuphezulu kakhulu kune-P11/P22 evamile, ukwandisa izikhathi zokuhlola nokuthuthukisa ukutholakala kwesistimu.

Bheka ithebula elingezansi ukuze uthole imininingwane enemininingwane yezakhiwo.

Ukufakwa kwepayipi le-boiler kuvame ukufakwaukulawula ukushisa-nokuvikela abasebenzi, kodwa ingase futhi yethule ingozi enkulu yokwethembeka uma umswakama uvunyelwa ukuba ungene futhi uhlale uvaleleke. Ezitshalweni eziningi,ibhokisi le-boiler pipelibhekisela kuisibhakela/ukulaxa ipayipi ngokufaka i-insulation kanye nejakhethi yensimbi (i-cladding)ukuvikela uhlelo lwe-insulation ngesikhathi sokusebenza nokugcinwa. Imininingwane "yenza-noma{2}}ikhefu" ayikona nje ukushuba kwe-insulation{3}}yiyo.isilawuli sokungena kwamanzi + ukudonsa amanzi/ukungenisa umoya, ngoba umswakama oboshiwe ungashayelai-corrosion under insulation (CUI)endaweni yepayipi yangaphandle, ngokuvamile ingabonakali kuze kube yilapho icima.

Ukuze wenze lesi sigaba sisebenze kakhulu, nanka amaphuzu abalulekile avame ukucaciswa kumaphrojekthi angempela:

• Chaza inhloso yokufaka imvilophu nezinga lokushisa:ugqinsi nezinto ezibonakalayo zikhethwa kuzinga lokushisa lokusebenza kanye-nokulahlekelwa okuhlosiwe, kodwa nokuthi ulayini uyabona yiniukuhamba ngebhayisikili(qala/ima) empompa umswakama ngamajoyinti.
• Cacisa isistimu yokufaka amajazi, hhayi "i-insulation" kuphela:impahla (i-aluminium/i-stainless/galvanized), ukujiya, kanye nokuthi ama-seams/okugqagqene akhiwa kanjani; ukugqagqana okubi kuba yizindawo zokungena emanzini.
• Imininingwane yokulawula ukungena kwamanzi (okugejiwe kakhulu):zidinga ama-seam e-longitudinal avaliwe, iziphetho ezivaliwe lapho kufanele khona, nemithetho ecacile mayelana nokungena (izisekelo, ompompi bezinsimbi, abakaki).
• Ifilosofi yokukhipha amanzi/yokukhipha umoya:cacisa ukuthi amanzi angaphuma kuphi-imisele-yamaphuzu aphansi, izimbobo zokukhala, noma izikhala zokuphuma{2}}ngoba isistimu "evalwe kahle" empilweni yangempela ivamise ukubaisicupho samanzingemva kokulimala.
• Izindawo ezibucayi okufanele umemeze ngazo ngokucacile:izisekelo zamapayipi nezinsimbi, izindololwane/izinsephe, izindawo eziphansi, nezindawo zokuqeda-lezi izindawo ezivame kakhulu ze-CUI ngoba zibamba umswakama futhi zigxilise ingcindezi.
• Ukuqwashisa ngebhendi yezinga lokushisa engozini ye-CUI:imigqa esebenza ezinhlotsheni zobungozi ze-CUI ezivamile (ngokuvamile zifudumele ngokwanele ukuze zihlale zimanzi kodwa zingashisi ngokwanele ukuze zome ngokushesha) ngokuvamile zidinga isiyalo esiqinile sokugqoka amajakhethi kanye nokufinyelela kokuhlola okuhleliwe.
• Ukuhlola{0}isibhakela esinobungani:dingaizigaba ezikhiphekayonoma hlola amawindi-ezindaweni ezinengcuphe ephezulu ukuze umnikazi akwazi ukuqinisekisa isimo sangaphandle ngaphandle kokucishwa okugcwele{1}}kuzo zonke izici zokucima.
• Ukulungiswa kobuso kanye ne-coating ngaphansi kwe-insulation:uma iphrojekthi isebenzisa i-coating ngaphansi kwe-insulation, cacisa uhlobo lwe-coating kanye nesisekelo se-surface prep; ukwahlukanisa akungeni esikhundleni sokuvikela ukugqwala.
• Isigaba somthetho wesondlo:hlanganisa indlela yokwamukela yokulungisa umonakalo wejakhethi, ngoba amazinyo/izinyembezi zivamile futhi ziba iziqalisi zokuvuza zesikhathi eside uma zingalungiswa ngokushesha.

• Izihloko ze-boiler/HRSG eziphezulu{0}}zezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nama-spool okuxhumana:

Ku-HRSG naseziqhingini ezishisayo, izihloko noxhumo lwe-spool lusebenza ngezinga lokushisa eliqhubekayo, kanye nokudlidliza kanye nama-thermal gradients. Umsebenzi wasensimini uvame ukubandakanya amafasitela acinene laphofaka{0}}ukunemba kanye nenqubo yokushiselanquma ukuthi uhlelo lukhona yini. I-OD/WT engaguquki kanye nesimo sokushisa esifanele{1}}izilawuli ezibalulekile zokuthenga.

• I-Superheater / reheater outlet yamapayipi eduze kwesithando somlilo (ukuchayeka kwendawo ekhazimulayo):

Amapayipi eduze kwesithando somlilo ahlangabezana nezinga lokushisa lensimbi eliphakanyisiwe, ukukala kwe-oxidation, nokushisisa okungalingani. Iqiniso lendawo yokusebenzela liwukuthi ukwahlukanisa nokufaka amajakhethi kuvame ukususwa futhi kufakwe kabusha ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, ngakho kulawulwai-oxidation yangaphandle kanye nengozi ye-CUIiyingxenye yomjikelezo wokuphila, hhayi nje into yokuqala ekhethiwe.

• Amapayipi okukhipha iheater acishiwe kanye nezihibe zokudlulisa uwoyela ashisayo:

Lezi zinhlelo zisebenza ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu isikhathi eside, nezishintshayo zezinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokushintsha kanye nokuphazamiseka kwenqubo. Izinkinga ezivamile zesayithi lokusebenza zihlanganisa i-flange/fit{1}ingcindezi yokukhula okushisayo kanye nokulimala kwe-insulation okuholela ekugqwaleni kwangaphandle. I-alloy boiler pipe materials isetshenziselwa ukugcina amandla emazingeni okushisa nokunciphisa ukulungiswa okungahleliwe.

• Amapayipi{0}enqubo yokucindezela okuphezulu kanye namasistimu okucindezela axhumene (iziteshi zamavalvu / ama-reactor tie-ins):

Emayunithi{0}okucindezela okuphezulu, ukubhobhoza kuma-reactors, ama-compressor, nama-valve stations kubona imithwalo yemishini evela kuzisekeli, ukudlidliza, nokufinyelela kokulungiswa njalo. Ukuthenga kuvame ukugcizelelaubufakazi bokuhlola obubhaliwe, ukulandeleka, kanye nezilawuli zokushisela ngoba noma yiliphi irekhodi elingekho lingabambezela ukuthunyelwa.

Xhumana manje

FAQ

 

 

Q: Yiziphi izici zepayipi le-boiler?

A:Ukucaciswa kwepayipi le-boiler kufanele kuchazwe ngokuthiOD × ubukhulu bodonga × ubude × ibanga × izinga elibusayo, kanye nohlobo lokugcina (BE/PE/T&C) kanye ne-scope yokukhululwa edingekayo (ukwelashwa kokushisa/NDT/hydrotest uma kusebenza). Ububanzi bokunikezwa obujwayelekile kuleli khasi lekhavaOD 10.3–1422 mm, I-WT Ngaphansi noma ilingana no-150 mm, futhi6 m / 12 m / 20FT / 40FT (kufika ku-18 m).

Q: Iyini impahla yepayipi le-boiler?

A:Izinto zepayipi le-boiler ngokuvamileI-Chrome-I-Moly (Cr-Mo) i-ferritic alloy steel seamlessngesevisi-yokushisa/phezulu{1}}yengcindezi, laphoamandla okukhasa kanye nokumelana ne-oxidationshayela ukwethembeka komjikelezo wempilo; amamaki avamile ahlanganisaI-ASTM A335 P1–P92 (kanye ne-P122)kuye ngomsebenzi.

Q: Ibanga le-boiler tube material grade / ishubhu le-boiler steel grade - lihluke kanjani kunebanga lepayipi lebhoyili?

A:"Ibanga lensimbi ye-boiler tube" ngokuvamile libhekisela kuloASTM A213 T-amabanga (ishubhu), kuyilapho amapayipi e-boiler ngokuvamileASTM A335 P-amabanga (ipayipi); zingaba imindeni efanayo ye-alloy (isb,P11↔T11, P22↔T22) kodwa kufanele ifane nohlobo lwento ye-BOM ukuze ugweme ukungafani kwesitifiketi ekukhishweni.

Q: Ipayipi elibilisayo elivuzayo ngaphandle - yini imbangela evame kakhulu futhi ungayinqanda kanjani?

A:"Ukuvuza ngaphandle" kolayini abashisayo kuvame ukuxhunyaniswa nakhoi-corrosion under insulation (CUI)okubangelwa ukungena kwamanzi kanye nomswakama obanjwe ngaphansi kwe-insulation / boxing; ukuvimbela kuchaza imininingwane yejakhethi yeisilawuli samanzi + ukudonsa amanzi/ukungenisa umoyakanye nokugcina ukufinyelela kokuhlola ezindaweni ezisekelayo/eziphansi kunokuphatha ukwahlukanisa njengokucatshangelwa okuhlukile.

Izitifiketi

 

Isitifiketi se-CE

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Amashadi ashisayo: ipayipi le-boiler, abakhiqizi bepayipi le-boiler baseChina, abahlinzeki, imboni