Ungacacisa kanjani i-API 6A Wellhead kanye Nezisetshenziswa Zesihlahla sikaKhisimusi

Wellhead and Christmas Tree (X-mas Tree)

A kahle kanye nesihlahla sikaKhisimusiiphakheji ayikhethiwe ngokulinganisa kwengcindezi kuphela. Kumaphrojekthi enkambu, ukucaciswa ngokuvamile kufanele kufane nesimo somthombo, indawo ewuketshezi, ilungiselelo lokuxhuma, kanye nomzila wokugunyaza odingwa isisebenzisi noma i-EPC. I-API 6A iyincazelo yemboni eyinhloko yalo mndeni wemishini, embozaI-API 6A impahla ye-wellhead nesihlahla sikaKhisimusikanye noxhumano olune-flanged kanye ne-outlet olusetshenziswa kusukela2,000 psi ukuya ku-20,000 psiumfutho wokusebenza okalwe kakhulu. Isihlahla sikaKhisimusi ngokwaso siwukuhlanganiswa kwamavalvu, ama-spools, amageji, kanye nokuklinywa okufakwe ekhanda lomthombo ukulawula ukukhiqizwa.

Umugqa onjengokuthi"API 6A Isihlahla sikaKhisimusi, 5,000 psi"ingase ibukeke iphelele ekubuzeni, kodwa ezimweni eziningi akwanele ekwenzeni iphrojekthi yangempela. Ihlonza okokusebenza ngokwemibandela evamile, kodwa ayichazi imfuneko yesevisi ephelele yokuhlola umklamo, ukubuyekezwa kwedokhumenti, noma ukugunyazwa kokugcina. Ku-RFQ yangempela kanye nomsebenzi wokuthumela, amaphuzu alahlekile ngokuvamile abuya ngokushesha:isigaba sokucindezela, isigaba sokushisa, isigaba sezinto ezibonakalayo, i-PSL, i-PR, uhlobo lokuxhuma, nesimo sesevisi. Yingakho i-API isebenzisa indlela{1}}yeshidi ledatha. Inkinga eyinhloko ayikona nje ukuqamba umkhiqizo, kodwa ukuwuchaza ngokucacile ngokwanele ukuze ubuyekezelwe ubuchwepheshe kanye nokukhululwa kwe-oda.

Kungani ukucaciswa okungaphelele kudala ukubambezeleka

Uma lo mkhiqizo ubuyekezwa ngokungathi sína, ingxoxo ivame ukuhamba ngokushesha kakhulu isuka kokuthi "iyini ingcindezi?" kokuthi "sithini isimo sesevisi esiqondile?" Lokho kungenxa yokuthi iphakethe le-wellhead liyingxenye yokucindezela{0}}umzila wokulawula wokumba, ukuqeda, ukukhiqiza, nokungenelela. Uma ifayela lobuchwepheshe lingaphelele, ukucaciswa kuvame ukubuya kumaphuzu afanayo:

Ukucaciswa kwento	Okumele Kuqinisekiswe	Kungani Ngokuvamile Kubangela Ukubambezeleka
Isigaba sokucindezela	Ingcindezi yokusebenza elinganiselwe	Ikilasi elikhethiwe lingase lingafani nemvilophu yangempela yokusebenza noma livale-kusimo.
Ikilasi lokushisa	Izinga lokushisa elincane le-ambient kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu-lokuthintana nalo	Ukufaneleka kwempahla nokuvala akukwazi ukuqinisekiswa ngaphandle kwebanga lokushisa elilungile.
Iklasi lezinto ezibonakalayo	Isevisi evamile noma imfuneko yesevisi emuncu	Ubunzima besevisi kanye nokugqwala{0}}izimfuneko ezihlobene kufanele zifane nendawo yangempela yomthombo.
I-PSL	Ileveli Yokucaciswa Komkhiqizo Edingekayo	Ukujula kokukhiqiza nokuqinisekisa akukwazi ukuqondaniswa uma i-PSL ishiywa ingacacile.
PR	Izinga Lesidingo Sokusebenza Esidingekayo	Ukufaneleka kwedizayini kungase kungafani nomzila wokugunyaza iphrojekthi uma i-PR ingacacisiwe.
Usayizi we-Bore kanye nohlobo lokuxhuma	Imininingwane yokuxhumanisa ibhore, phezulu naphansi	I-Fit-up, ukufaniswa kwesixhumi esibonakalayo, nokuhlanganiswa kwezisetshenziswa kungase kuhlale kungaqinisekile.
Uketshezi lwesevisi	Uwoyela, igesi, umjovo wamanzi, uketshezi oluxubile, noma enye indlela	Ingcindezi-ukukhethwa kwesisetshenziswa sokulawula kuncike esimeni sangempela sesevisi.
Isimo sesevisi esimuncu	I-H2S-isimo esihlobene nokuqina	Ukufaneleka kwezinto akukwazi ukuhlolwa ngendlela efanele uma-isimo sesevisi esimuncu singachazwanga.
Izidingo zokuklinywa noma ze-actuator	Ukucushwa okwenziwa ngesandla noma okucushiwe, ukuhlelwa kokuminyanisa	Indlela yokulawula kanye nobubanzi bephakheji kungase kudingeke ukuthi kubuyekezwe kamuva.
Iphakethe lokuhlola kanye nedokhumenti	Ukuhlolwa kokukhishwa kobubanzi kanye nemibhalo edingekayo	Ukukhishwa kokukhiqiza,-ukuhlolwa kwenkampani yangaphandle, nokugunyazwa kokugcina kungase kubambezeleke uma izimfuneko zedokhumenti zingaphelele.

Yingakho futhi ama-RFQ amafushane evame ukubukeka eshesha ekuqaleni kodwa ehle kamuva phakathi nokubuyekezwa kobuchwepheshe nokugunyazwa.

Izinkambu ze-Core API 6A okufanele zichazwe kusenesikhathi

Into	Lokho elikulawulayo	Kungani kubalulekile kuphrojekthi
Isigaba sokucindezela	Ingcindezi yokusebenza elinganiselwe	Kumelwe ifane nemvilophu yokusebenza futhi ivale-sesimeni
Ikilasi lokushisa	Ubuncane be-ambient kanye noketshezi{0}}lokuthinta izinga lokushisa eliphezulu	Kuthinta impahla nokufaneleka kokuvala
Iklasi lezinto ezibonakalayo	Ukuqina kwesevisi, okuhlanganisa isevisi evamile noma emuncu	Ixhumene ngqo nemvelo kanye nengcuphe yokugqwala
I-PSL	Izinga lokucaciswa komkhiqizo	Ichaza ukujula kokukhiqiza nokuqinisekisa
PR	Imfuneko yokusebenza	Ibonisa indlela umklamo obusebenza ngayo{0}}ufaneleke ngayo

Isakhiwo esingenhla silandela ingqondo esetshenziswe kumhlahlandlela wokuthenga we-API 6A kunencazelo yekhathalogi elula.

Isigaba sokucindezelakufanele ibonise isimo somthombo wangempela

Izilinganiso zokucindezela ze-API 6A zifaka phakathi2,000, 3,000, 5,000, 10,000, 15,000, kanye 20,000 psi. Lobo bubanzi buqondile ephepheni, kodwa ukukhethwa kwephrojekthi akuyona nje indaba yokukhetha inombolo efanayo esetshenziswe ku-oda langaphambilini. Umhlahlandlela wokuthenga we-API ukhomba emvilophini yesevisi yangempela, okuhlanganisa ukucindezela okukhulu kokusebenza kanye nokucindezelwa okulindelekile kwe-wellhead-njengengxenye yendlela yoku-oda.

Inkinga yephrojekthi engokoqobo ibonakala lapho isigaba sokucindezela sikhethwa kuphela emgqeni ongezansi noma iphakheji yangaphezulu kuyilapho isimo somthombo ngokwawo sinzima kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo:

iphakethe le-flowline lingaba5,000 psi
ukuvala-uma kungenzeka kube kuphezulu
ukukhuthazwa kwesikhathi esizayo noma izinguquko zesevisi zingase zikhulise imfuneko
ithimba lokugunyaza lingase licele imajini ehambisana nencazelo yomsebenzisi

Kuleso simo, okokusebenza kusengachazwa ngokuthi "API 6A," kodwa ikilasi elikhethiwe lingase lingasindi ekubuyekezweni kobuchwepheshe uma lingameli icala langempela lomsebenzi. Yingakhoisigaba sokucindezelakufanele isungulwe kusukela esimweni somthombo kuqala, hhayi ilebula lezohwebo elijwayelekile.

API 6A wellhead and Christmas tree assembly for oil and gas production High-pressure Christmas tree valve system meeting API 6A standard Oilfield wellhead and Xmas tree assembly controlling well pressure and flow

Ikilasi lokushisaivamise ukugejwa kusenesikhathi

Ngaphansi kwe-API 6A, ikilasi lokushisa liboshwe ku-izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu le-ambientimishini ingase ibone futhiizinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu loketshezi oluthinta imishini. Amakilasi aziwayo ahlanganisaK, L, N, P, S, T, U, V, X, kanye no-Y. Isibonelo, umhlahlandlela wokuthenga uyabonisaIkilasi Pnjenge-20 degrees F kuya ku-180 degrees FfuthiIkilasi Unjenge0℃F kuya ku-250℃F.

Leli phuzu lisebenza kakhulu kumafayela wephrojekthi wangempela kunokuba livela kuqala. Isihlahla esisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni okushisayo, indawo ebandayo-yesimo sezulu esogwini, noma isimo sesevisi esishintshashintsha kakhulu izinga lokushisa singadinga ukuqinisekiswa okuhlukile kuma-elastomer, ukuziphatha kokuvala, nokufaneleka kwempahla. Uma i-RFQ ithi ingcindezi kanye ne-bore encane kuphela, umbuzo wezinga lokushisa ngokuvamile ubuya kamuva noma kunjalo.

Uhlu lokuhlola olulula lwale nkambu yilokhu:

izinga lokushisa elincane lendawo yesayithi
izinga lokushisa eliphezulu loketshezi olugelezayo
noma ngabe izimo zokuvala-futhi uqalise kabusha ziyahluka ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo
noma ngabe imininingwane yephrojekthi isho ikilasi elidingekayo ngokuqondile

Lokho kuphephe kakhulu kunokushiya izinga lokushisa livuliwe futhi ulindele ukuthi libe "elijwayelekile".

Iklasi lezinto ezibonakalayokulapho inkonzo emuncu iqala khona ukubaluleka

Isiqondiso sokuthenga se-API 6A sihlukanisa amakilasi-esevisi kanye{2}}nomuncu{2}}nomsebenzi wesevisi. Ngefomu eyenziwe lula,I-AA, BB, ne-CCzisetshenziselwa isevisi evamile, kuyilaphoDD, EE, FF, kanye no-HHziboshwe kuisevisi emuncuizimo kanye nezidingo ezixhunyanisiwe ze-NACE-. Umhlahlandlela futhi uyaphawulaMaterial Class ZZkwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezimuncu ezingaphandle kwemikhawulo ejwayelekile ye-NACE, okudingwa ukuhlolwa komthengi namarekhodi alandelekayo.

Lena enye yezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu lapho amagama kufanele anembe. Ulayini njengokuthi "wesevisi emuncu" awahlali ukwanele ngokwawo. Umhlahlandlela wokuthenga ugqamisa izici ezihlanganisa:

Ukucindezela kwengxenye ye-H2S
pH
ukuhlushwa kwe-chloride
i-oxygen noma ama-oxidants
izinga lokushisa lokuchayeka
ukucindezeleka
isikhathi sokuchayeka

Ngakho-ke inkinga yangempela akukhona nje ukuthi inkonzo emuncu iyashiwo yini. Inkinga yangempela ukuthi ngabe iindawo yesevisi ichazwe ngokucacile ngokwaneleukusekela okukhethiweikilasi lezinto ezibonakalayo.

I-PSLakukona ukuthuthukiswa kwekhathalogi

I-PSLkushoIzinga lokucaciswa komkhiqizo. Kuboshelwe ekutheni izidingo zokukhiqiza nokuqinisekisa kumele zijule kangakanani kusimo sesevisi esinikeziwe. Umhlahlandlela wokuthenga we-API unikeza ubuncane bezidingo ze-PSL ezisuselwe esilinganisweni sokucindezela nezinhlanganisela zezigaba zezinto. Isibonelo, ezinye{3}}izinhlanganisela zesevisi ezijwayelekile ku10,000 psidinga okungenaniI-PSL 2, kuyilapho izinhlanganisela zesevisi ezimuncu-zinzima kakhulu15,000 psihambisa okungenaniI-PSL 3, futhi{0}}amakilasi esevisi aphezulu angafinyelelwaI-PSL 4.

Lokho kushoI-PSLakufanele iphathwe njengesijobelelo sokuhlobisa. Emsebenzini wephrojekthi osebenzayo, kuthinta:

izinga lokulawulwa kokukhiqiza elilindelwe
ububanzi bokuqinisekisa namarekhodi
ukuthi izinto zokusebenza zamukelwa kanjani iqembu elibuyekezayo
ukuthi ingabe iphakheji ecashuniwe ifana ngempela nekesi lomsebenzi

Uma i-RFQ ihambaI-PSLakunalutho ngenkathi zonke ezinye izimo zesevisi zinzima, iluphu yokucacisa cishe iqinisekisiwe ukuthi izobuya kamuva.

PRimayelana nokuqinisekisa umklamo, hhayi nje amagama e-nameplate

PRimeleIsidingo Sokusebenza. Umhlahlandlela wokuthenga wohlelo lwama-21 uyakhombaI-PR1, I-PR2, futhiI-PR2F, ngeI-PR2Fkuhambisana nokusebenza kwe-Annex F. Isiqondiso esifanayo siphawula ukuthi uma idizayini isishintshiwe ngendlela ethinta ukulingana, isimo, umsebenzi, noma okokusebenza, iphathwa njengedizayini entsha futhi idinga ukuqinisekiswa kokusebenza.

Lokhu kubaluleka kakhulu lapho imibhalo yephrojekthi ibuyekezwa. Umbuzo wangempela awukona nje ukuthi izisetshenziswa "zenziwe ku-API 6A." Umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ngabe ukucushwa komklamo ohlinzekwayo kuye kwafaneleka yiniPRizinga elidingekayo kuphrojekthi.

Ngaleso sizathu,I-PR2ngokuvamile uthola ukunakwa okwengeziwe kumaphrojekthi:

ukubuyekezwa komsebenzisi okuqinile
izimo zokukhiqiza ezidinga kakhulu
umphumela ophezulu wokuvala shaqa
ukulawula imibhalo

Amagama angase abukeke emancane kumininingwane, kodwa angathwala inani elikhulu lesisindo sokugunyazwa.

Ifomethi ye-RFQ engokoqobo

Esikhundleni-sencazelo yomugqa owodwa, iphakheji yombuzo eqinile kufanele iqinisekise amaphuzu alandelayo ngokucacile:

Isigaba	Intengo ye-RFQ	Okufanele Kuchazwe
Isisekelo Esijwayelekile	Okujwayelekile	I-API 6A
Isilinganiso	Isigaba sokucindezela	Ingcindezi yokusebenza elinganiselwe edingekayo
Isilinganiso	Ikilasi lokushisa	Izinga lokushisa elincane le-ambient kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu-lokuthintana nalo
Impahla Nesevisi	Iklasi lezinto ezibonakalayo	Isevisi evamile noma imfuneko yesevisi emuncu
Impahla Nesevisi	I-Service medium	Uwoyela, igesi, umjovo wamanzi, noma isevisi exubile
Impahla Nesevisi	Isimo esimuncu noma esingamuncu	I-H2S-isimo sesevisi esihlobene nobulukhuni
Izinga Lekhwalithi	I-PSL	Ileveli Yokucaciswa Komkhiqizo Edingekayo
Izinga Lekhwalithi	PR	Izinga Lesidingo Sokusebenza Esidingekayo
Ukucushwa	Isithukuthezi okuzisholo	Usayizi omkhulu wempahla
Ukucushwa	Uhlobo loxhumano oluphezulu naphansi	Usayizi wokuxhuma kanye nohlobo lokufanisa uhlelo
Control Scope	Uhlobo lwe-Choke / i-actuator imfuneko / isidingo sokulawula	Ukucushwa okwenziwa ngesandla noma okucushiwe nokulawula
Ukuhlola & Amadokhumenti	Ukukhishwa kokuhlolwa okudingekayo kanye nephakheji yedokhumenti	Ukuhlolwa kobubanzi, isitifiketi, kanye nezidingo zokuhambisa amadokhumenti

Lokhu kuhambisana nendlela yokuthenga ye-API, esebenzisa amashidi edatha ahlelekile ukuze kuncishiswe ukungafani phakathi kwesimo sesevisi nezinto zokusebenza ezi-odiwe.

Isiphetho

Ukuze ucaciseI-API 6A impahla ye-wellhead nesihlahla sikaKhisimusingokufanelekile, umbuzo kufanele wenze okungaphezu kokusho isilinganiso sokucindezela kanye nosayizi wegama. Ukucaciswa okusebenzayo kufanele kuchaze ngokucacileisigaba sokucindezela, izinga lokushisa, ikilasi lezinto ezibonakalayo, I-PSL, PR, isithukuthezi okuzisholo, uhlobo lokuxhuma, i-service medium, isimo esimuncu noma esingamuncu, nanoma yikuphiiminyanisa, i-actuator, ukuhlolwa, kanye nezidingo zedokhumenti. Lapho la maphuzu eqinisekiswa ku-RFQ noma ku-data sheet, okokusebenza kungafaniswa ngokunembe kakhudlwana nesimo sangempela somthombo, ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe kungancishiswa, futhi ukugunyazwa kwephrojekthi kungahamba kahle. Ngamanye amazwi, ukucaciswa okulungile ngaphansi kwe-API 6A kusho ukuchaza isevisi egcwele kanye nemfuneko yokugunyaza ngokucacile ngokwanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe idizayini, ukulawula ukukhiqiza, ukuhlela ukuhlola, nokukhishwa kwemibhalo yokugcina.

Xhumana manje

FAQ

01.Iluphi ulwazi oluncane oludingekayo ku-API 6A wellhead kanye nesihlahla sikaKhisimusi RFQ?

Okungenani, i-RFQ kufanele ichazeisigaba sokucindezela, izinga lokushisa, isigaba sezinto ezibonakalayo, i-PSL, i-PR, i-bore yegama, uhlobo lokuxhuma, isevisi, isimo esimuncu noma esingesona{0}}, kanye namadokhumenti/ububanzi bokuhlola. Ngaphandle kwalawa maphuzu, ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe kuvame ukubuya kamuva.

02.Ngikhetha kanjani ikilasi lempahla elilungile lensizakalo emuncu ye-wellhead kanye nemishini yesihlahla sikaKhisimusi?

Okulungileikilasi lezinto ezibonakalayokuncike endaweni yesevisi yangempela, ikakhulukaziIsimo se-H2S, izinga lokushisa, izinga le-chloride, nokuqina kokugqwala. "Isevisi emuncu" iyodwa ngokuvamile ayanele ukugunyazwa noma ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo.

03.Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-PSL ne-PR ku-API 6A?

I-PSLichaza izinga elidingekayo lokulawula ukukhiqiza nokuqinisekisa, kuyilaphoPRichaza izinga leukuqinisekiswa kokusebenzaokomklamo. Ngamagama alula, i-PSL imayelana nokujula kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, futhi i-PR imayelana nokusebenza komklamo okuqinisekisiwe.

04.Kungani ukukala ingcindezi kukodwa kungenele uma ucacisa isihlahla sikaKhisimusi?

Ngoba imishini kumele ifane neisimo sesevisi esigcwele, hhayi inombolo eyodwa yokucindezela. Ukucaciswa okufanele nakho kuyadingekaizinga lokushisa, isigaba sezinto ezibonakalayo, ibhore, ukuxhumana, nendawo yesevisiukugwema ukungafani ngesikhathi sokubuyekezwa komklamo kanye nokugunyazwa kwephrojekthi.

05.Yimaphi amadokhumenti avame ukudingeka ukuze kugunyazwe i-API 6A kanye nesihlahla sikaKhisimusi?

Izidingo ezijwayelekile zifakaizitifiketi ezibonakalayo, amarekhodi okuhlolwa, amarekhodi okuhlolwa kwengcindezi, imibiko yobukhulu, amadokhumenti okulandeleka, kanye{0}}namadokhumenti athile okukhishwa kwephrojekthi. Iphakheji eliqondile lincike kulokho okudingekayoI-PSL, i-PR, izinga lokuhlola, kanye nenqubo yokugunyaza iphrojekthi.