Kumaphrojekthi okufaka amapayipi ngomfutho, lokhu kucaciswa kuvame ukuvela lapho ukulethwa kungekona nje kuphela ukukhiqiza ipayipi, kodwa kumayelana nokuphasa ukuhlolwa ngephakheji eliphelele, lokubuyekeza{0}}elilungile. I-OD enkulu, udonga olusindayo, imingcele yengcindezi ebucayi, kanye nezindawo zokubamba eziqinile kwenza izinto ezimbili zinqume: ukuthi ikhwalithi ingakhiqizwa kabusha ngokuqhubekayo, kanye nokuthi amadokhumenti angadlula yini ukubuyekezwa kokuthunyelwe kokuqala.
Lokho okulawulwa yizinga
Lokhu kucaciswa kuhlanganisa ipayipi lensimbi elishiselwe elikhiqizwe ku-pressure-isitsha{1}}sepuleti lekhwalithi, elihloselwe isevisi{2}}yokucindezela okuphezulu emazingeni okushisa aphakathi nendawo. Empeleni, isebenza njengohlaka lokulethwa:
- I-base material kufanele iwele ngaphakathi kwamasistimu epuleti avunyelwe, futhi ukulandeleka kugcinwe ekugcineni-kuze{1}}kuphele
- Ukukhiqiza nokushisela kufanele kube okulawulekayo, kuhloleke, futhi kuqoshwe
- Isimo sokulethwa, ukuhlolwa, nezinhlanganisela zokuhlola kufanele zichazeke ezingeni le-oda lokuthenga
Ukuyiphatha kuphela "njengezinga lepayipi elishiselwe" akugeji iphuzu. Inani layo lephrojekthi lisekukhiyeleni umzila wokwamukela kuzidingo ezisebenzisekayo.
Ifundwa kanjani isistimu yebanga
Amabanga avame ukubhalwa njengohlamvu kanye nenombolo. Emsebenzini wephrojekthi, incazelo esebenzayo kakhulu yile:
- Uhlamvu lusetshenziselwa ukuhlonza uhlelo lwepuleti noma uchungechunge
- Inombolo isetshenziswa-njengomaka wezinga lamandla
Yingakho ukukhetha ibanga kungeyona nje ingxoxo yamandla. Iqinisa isisekelo sezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze ukwelashwa kokushisa, ububanzi bokuhlola, nokulandeleka kusetshenziswe ngaphansi komngcele owodwa ongaguquki. Ukushintshashintsha kokusebenza okukhulu phakathi kwenkatho kuvame ukubangelwa izinto ezingacacile nemingcele yokwamukela kunokushisela kuphela.
Kungani ikilasi livame ukunquma umzila wokwamukela
Iphutha lephrojekthi elivamile ukucacisa ibanga ngokucophelela ngenkathi uphatha ikilasi njengemininingwane yesibili. Eqinisweni, ikilasi livamise ukusebenza njengeswishi yokwamukela, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwe-TPI noma{1}}iphoyinti lokubuyekezwa komnikazi.
Ikilasi livamise ukushayela izinto ezintathu ezixhunyiwe:
- Isimo sokwelashwa kokushisa, okuhlanganisa ukuthi kufanele kurekhodwe futhi kufakazelwe kanjani
- Ububanzi bokuhlola i-Weld, okuhlanganisa ukuthi i-radiography noma enye i-NDE iyadingeka nokuthi ukufakwa kuchazwa kanjani
- Izidingo zokuhlola ingcindezi nokuthi imiphumela kufanele ivele kanjani kuphakheji elethwayo
Uma ibanga licaciswa kodwa isigaba singaqondanisiwe ngokucacile, imodi yokwehluleka evamile akukhona ukuthi ipayipi alikwazi ukukhiqizwa. Imodi yokwehluleka iwukungafani kobubanzi ekuhlolweni: Ukufakwa kwe-RT, amarekhodi okwelashwa kokushisa, amarekhodi e-hydrotest, kanye nesakhiwo sedosi akuhambisani nalokho iphrojekthi ekulindele.
Lapho ukuhlukahluka kuvame ukuqala ekukhiqizeni
Epayipini lomfutho elishiselwe, ukuhluka kuvame ukukhuliswa ezindaweni ezimbili: ukucubungula amapuleti akhuphukayo kanye nokuvala-ukusimama komugqa wejometri. Lezi zinyathelo zinquma ukuthi i-welding isebenza ngaphakathi kwefasitela elizinzile noma incike ekulungiseni okuqhubekayo.
Amaketango amaningi okuhlinzeka aqala ekhoyili, bese eguqulela ezingxenyeni zamapuleti ahlelekile ngokucubungula okwesibili:
- Ukulawula izinga kanye nokuma ukuze kuzinziswe ukwakha ijometri
- Sika-ukuze-ubude nobubanzi ukuvumelana ukuze uzinzise ukuhambisana kokuvala
- Ama-Edge machining kanye nokuvumelana kwe-bevel ukuze kuzinzise igebe lezimpande kanye{0}}nokuziphatha okufanele
- Ukususwa kusenesikhathi kokulimala konqenqema kanye nama-burrs ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka kokulungisa kamuva
Ukuvala-ijiyomethri yomugqa umbandela wangaphambili wokushisela okuzinzile. Uma ukungafani, ukuqondanisa, negebe lezimpande zizinzile, ukwakheka kwe-weld kubikezelwa kakhulu futhi ukuguquguquka kokulungisa i-NDE kuvame ukuncipha.
Ukuhlola nokuhlola kuncike ekuqondaneni kobubanzi
Ukwamukelwa kwephrojekthi kuvame ukusebenza ngamathrekhi amabili ahambisanayo:
Ithrekhi engokomzimba
- Ubukhulu nesimo sokuphela
- Isimo se-weld seam kanye nejometri
- Imiphumela yokuhlolwa edingekayo
Ithrekhi yobufakazi
- Ukulandeleka kwemephu kusuka kupuleti/ikhoyili/isigaba kuya epayipini eliqediwe
- Weld umthungo NDE amarekhodi kanye nemibiko
- Amarekhodi okwelashwa kokushisa nokuxhumana kwenqwaba uma kufanele
- Amarekhodi e-Hydrotest uma kusebenza
- I-logic yenkomba yedokhumenti kanye-nokungaguquguquki kwenombolo yedokhumenti
Ukubambezeleka okuningi akubangelwa ukushoda kombiko, kodwa ukungqubuzana kobubanzi: lokho okudingwa yi-oda lokuthenga, lokho okwenziwa ukukhiqiza, nokuthi yini imibiko ebonisayo ukuthi akuhambisani.
Umkhawulo we-oda lokuthenga elincane elivimbela ukusebenza kabusha
Ukuze ugweme ukucaciswa okuphindaphindiwe sekwephuzile kushejuli, ama-oda okuthenga ngokuvamile adinga ukukhiya umngcele wokwamukela okungenani ngokuthi:
- Okujwayelekile kanye nanoma iyiphi iphrojekthi{0}}umngcele wenguqulo echaziwe
- Ibanga kanye nekilasi
- I-OD, ukujiya kodonga, ubude, nomngcele wokubekezelela
- Izidingo zokuqeda kanye ne-bevel
- Indlela yokuhlola i-Seam, incazelo yekhava, indlela yokwamukela, nemithetho yokulungisa
- Imfuneko ye-Hydrotest nefomethi yokurekhoda
- Isidingo sokwelashwa kokushisa kanye nefomethi yokurekhoda
- Izidingo zephakheji yamadokhumenti: inkomba yedosi, ukulandeleka kwemephu, uhlu lombiko, nefomethi yokuthumela
Uma lezi zinkambu seziqediwe, ukukhiqiza nokuhlola kungalandela umngcele owodwa ongashintshi kusukela osukwini lokuqala. Uma zingaphelele, umthelela ovame kakhulu akukhona ukwehluleka kokukhiqiza, kodwa ukuhlelwa kabusha kwemibhalo nobubanzi.
Kungani i-dossier iba ukulethwa kwesibili
Kumaphrojekthi aqinile, okulethwayo kuyimikhiqizo emibili: ipayipi kanye nedosi. Okubalulekile akuwona umthamo wamadokhumenti, kodwa ukwakheka okuzinzile kanye nokuhlelwa kwemephu okungaguquki.
Isakhiwo sedosi esijwayelekile sakhiwe ngokuzungeza amabhulokhi olwazi amane:
- Imephu yezinto ezibonakalayo nokulandeleka
- Ukuhlolwa komthungo: Amarekhodi e-NDE, ukumbozwa kobubanzi, nokuvalwa kokulungisa
- Ukwelashwa nokuhlolwa kokushisa: amarekhodi axhunywe neqeqebana elifanele kanye nento, lapho kusebenza khona
- Ukubika kobukhulu:{0}}iphoyinti ledatha elingukhiye kanye nokuvumelana kombiko
Ekulethweni kwe-Octal Pipe kumaphrojekthi afanayo, imephu yokulandeleka, ukuhlolwa komthungo, idatha yobukhulu obuyinhloko, namarekhodi okwelashwa okushisa adingekayo/okuhlola ngokuvamile ahlelwa abe uhla lwemibhalo olungaguquki lwemibhalo, ngakho umbiko ngamunye ubeka amamephu ngokuqondile entweni yokumaka kanye nolwazi lweqoqo kanye nezihibe zokubuyekeza ziyancishiswa.
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