Ukucaciswa Kwepayipi Lensimbi Engagqwali ye-ASTM A312

Ububanzi kanye Nezimo Lapho I-A312 Ilingana

I-ASTM A312 imboza ipayipi elingenamthungo, elishiselwe, futhi elibanda kakhulu{1}}elisebenzile i-austenitic stainless steel pipe yesevisi ebolayo nephakeme{2}}yezinga lokushisa kuyo yonke inqubo yamakhemikhali, ukucwengwa, ukukhipha usawoti emanzini, kanye nebhalansi{3}}ye{4}}yezinsiza zezitshalo; ukushisa-ishubhu ye-exchanger/boiler esikhundleni salokho iwela ngaphansi kwe-A213/A269, imigqa yokuhlanzeka ngaphansi kwe-A270, futhi ubukhulu ngokuvamile bulandela i-ASME B36.19M (Sch 5S/10S/40S/80S); kumithombo ye-chloride{14}ephethe noma ene-oksijini, amanzi olwandle{15}}amasekhethi okupholisa aseduze, namaphrojekthi okubuyisela abeka kuqala ukuhlanzeka nesikhathi, izinketho zebanga le-A312 nokuqedwa kwendawo kunenzuzo ngokukhethekile.

Amabanga Owatholayo Empeleni

Ama-oda amaningi okuthenga agxile emndenini omncane wamabanga. Ukumaka-okukabili njengokuthi304/304Lnoma316/316Lyenza ukushisela kube lula eduze ne-HAZ kuyilapho ilondoloza okuhloswe amandla kumugqa wesitoko ofanayo.

Ithebula 1 - Amabanga ajwayelekile e-A312 nokusetshenziswa okuvamile

Ibanga (TP)	Kungani kukhethiwe	Izicelo ezimele
304 / 304L / 304H	Ukuhambisana kwamakhemikhali okubanzi ngezindleko zokuncintisana	Inqubo evamile, isitimu esisetshenziswayo/amanzi
316 / 316L / 316H	I-Mo{0}izala; ukumelana nokugoba okuphezulu/umfantu	Ukusondela kwamanzi olwandle, amasistimu wokuthwala i-chloride{0}}
321 / 321H	I{0}}izinzile ukuze kulawulwe ukuzwela ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu	Isevisi eshisayo ene-welding kanye nokuhamba ngebhayisikili okushisayo
347 / 347H	Nb-iqinisiwe; iwindi lokuzinza elibanzi	Isithando somlilo/ibhoyili lapho kulindeleke khona ukuhamba ngebhayisikili
310S / 309S*	Elevated Cr/Ni; ukumelana ne-oxidation/isikali	I-oxidizing igesi eshisayo, i-ducting, amalunga okunweba
904L*	I-Ni/Mo/Cu ephezulu yesevisi ye-chloride/asidi enolaka	I-chloride eqinile noma-umsebenzi oxubile we-asidi

* Ukutholakala kanye nezomnotho ziyahlukahluka ngesifunda nomzila wokugaya.

ASTM A312

I-Chemistry kanye ne-Baseline Properties

Sebenzisa lezi zibalo ukuze uhlolwe kusenesikhathi; izidingo zokugcina kufanele zilandele izinhlelo zakamuva ze-ASTM/ASME kanye nezici zomthengi.

Ithebula 2 - Ikhemistri ekhombisayo (wt.%)

Ibanga	C (ubukhulu / H ububanzi)	Cr	Ni	Mo	I-Stabilizer (uhlobo.)
304(L/H)	0.03 / 0.04–0.10	18–20	8–11	-	-
316(L/H)	0.03 / 0.04–0.10	16–18	10–14	2.0–3.0	-
321(H)	0.08 / 0.04–0.10	17–19	9–13	-	Ti ≈ 5×C kuya Ngaphansi noma kulingana no-0.7%
347(H)	0.08 / 0.04–0.10	17–19	9–13	-	I-Nb+Ta ≈ 10×C–1.0%

Ithebula 3 - Ubuncane begumbi{1}}lokushuba kwezinga lokushisa

Umndeni / ibanga	I-Tensile min	Yield min	Elongation min
304/304L/316L	≈ 515 MPa	≈ 205 MPa	≈ 35%
321/347 (kuhlanganise H)	≈ 515 MPa	≈ 205 MPa	≈ 30–35%
310S/309S	≈ 515 MPa	≈ 205 MPa	≈ 30%

Izibalo zedizayini zincikeizingcindezi ezivumelekile vs. lokushisakusukela kumakhodi asebenzayo kunezinombolo zegumbi-zezinga lokushisa kuphela.

Ubukhulu, Amashejuli, kanye Nokulungiselela Kokugcina - Yini Ethinta Ukwenziwa

Amasayizi amapayipi ngokuvamile ayalandelaI-ASME B36.19M. Ukukhetha5S/10S/40S/80Samashejuli kufanele alinganisele ingcindezi, isibonelelo sokugqwala, kanye nokufinyelela kokushisela. Ngokusebenza kahle kokwakha, amaphrojekthi amaningi akhetha ukusika-kuya{2}}izicucu zobude ukuze kuncishiswe ukushisela. Ukulungiswa kokuphela kuhambisana nejoyinti: ithafa noma isikwele{4}}ukusikwa komsebenzi we-orbital kanye nesokhethi, okufakwe i-beveled ukushisela izinqe. Uma kuhlelwa ukushisela i-orbital noma ukuhlola ukuvuza okubalulekile, i-OD eqinile kanye nokubekezelela udonga kusiza ukwehlisa ukufaneleka{6}}ukuhlakazeka. Izinketho ezingaphezulu zifaka okufakwe emanzini anosawoti/okudlulisiwe nomabright-annealed (BA); amaphrojekthi anenhlanzeko eqinile noma ama-rough aphansi ku-ID kufanele acacise kokubili amamethrikhi okuqeda nawokwamukela.

Ingenamthungo futhi Ishiselwe Ngaphansi312 - Indlela Amathimba Anquma Ngayo Ngokusebenza

Yomibili imizila ingeye-A312 futhi ingaziphatha ngokulinganayo kusevisi lapho ukwelashwa kokushisa kanye ne-NDE kucaciswe kahle. I-Welded (ERW/EFW) inikeza amandla nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko kuma-NPS amakhulu kanye nokugijima isikhathi eside, inqobo nje uma ama-seams eyisixazululo esigcwele-ehlanganisiwe futhi asidluliswa. I-Seamless ngokuvamile ikhethwa lapho okudlula ingcindezi, ukugoba okuqinile, noma ama-spools ayinkimbinkimbi adinga ukuqina okwengeziwe. Idatha kufanele ichaze ukuthi yimuphi umzila owamukelekayo nokuthi yikuphi ukuqinisekiswa okufakazela ukulingana komsebenzi ohlosiwe.

astm a312 stainless steel pipe with protective end caps-octal pipe a312 tp316l stainless steel pipe packed for shipment-octal pipe

Ukwenziwa, Ukwelashwa Kokushisa, kanye Nobuqotho Bokuphezulu

Amasistimu e-A312 aphumelelayo aqala esitolo kunokuba asebenze. Ipayipi elingenasici le-Austenitic kufanele lishiye ukukhiqizwa kusisombululo esigcwele-esishubile futhi esipholiswe ngokushesha ukuze i-chromium carbides iphinde incibilike futhi kubuyiselwe i-austenitic matrix efanayo. Lapho kusetshenziswa khona ipayipi elishiselwe, imithungo ilethwa esixazululweni esifanayo-sesimo sokunamathisela; izingxenye eziyingxenye noma zendawo azidangele ngoba zishiya ama-microstructures axubile kanye nokusabela kokugqwala okungalingani.

Ubuqotho bobuso buphathwa njengokulandelana: ukwakhiwa, ukuhlanza, ukudlula, nokuqinisekisa. I-tint yokushisa, i-iron egxilile, nezinsalela ze-chloride yizici ezintathu ezivame kakhulu zokubola ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Uma noma yikuphi ukuguquguquka kombala kusala ngemva kokushisela, kususe ngomshini bese ubuyisela ifilimu engenzi lutho ngokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali njengoba kuchazwe esimisweni sephrojekthi (abanikazi abaningi bereferensi yezinqubo zemboni ezifana ne-ASTM A380/A967). Kumasevisi adinga i-ID ebushelelezi kakhulu noma ukuthambekela okuphansi kokuzulazula, umkhiqizo okhanyayo-ohlanganisiwe (BA) ungase ucaciswe kanye nemibandela yokwamukela yokuqedwa kwe-ID nokuhlanzeka.

I-Weld-ukusebenza okuseduze ngokuvamile kuncike kakhulu ekuqondisweni kwenqubo kunasekukhethweni kwebanga. Ukusebenzisa L-amabanga noma amamaki azinzile eduze nokushisela kusiza ukumelana nokuzwela; -ikhwalithi ephezulu yokuhlanza igesi ye-inert ku-ID kunciphisa i-tint yokushisa nesikali se-oxide; futhi ukuhlanzeka{4}okuweld ngokuphelele kuvimbela amasayithi okuqhekeka. Amathuluzi kanye nemidiya kumele kungabi nabala-kuphela{7}}amabhulashi ensimbi{8}}ekhabhoni{8}}kuphela, isibhamu, noma uthuli lokugaya olungashumeka insimbi yamahhala okuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi igle futhi ibukele phansi ifilimu yokwenziwa.

Ukuhlanzeka nokulondolozwa kuvala iluphu. Chaza ukuthi i-ID igezwa, yomiswe, futhi ivikelwe kanjani, ukuthi amakepisi okugcina afakwa kanjani, nokuthi izinyanda zigoqwa kanjani ukuze kulawulwe ukulandwa kwe-chloride nokungena kwezinhlayiyana ngesikhathi sokugcinwa nokuthunyelwa. Ubufakazi obusebenzayo obusethelwe ukunikezela buhlanganisa amashadi okushisa-okwelapha, amarekhodi okudlula, imiphumela yenhlanzeko kamazisi, futhi uma kucacisiwe, ukuhlolwa kokungcola noma okunosawoti{3}. Lapho lezi zilawuli zibhalwa kudathabhethi futhi zenziwa ngokungaguquki, imigqa eshiselwe futhi engenamthungo ye-A312 iziphatha ngendlela efanayo ensimini futhi igcina ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo isikhathi eside.

Uhlelo Lokuhlola Nokuhlola

Kunokuba uhlole uhlu lwezinhlamvu, cabanga ngobufakazi. Into eyodwa ibonisa ubuqotho bengcindezi (i-hydrostatic noma i-nondestructive electric test nge-A312 ngayinye). Enye iqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kodonga ne-ID (i-eddy{3}yamanje noma i-UT ngaphezu kobude obungu-100% kumasistimu abalulekile). Lapho ukuzwela kuyingozi, indlela ye-intergranular corrosion (ASTM A262) iyengezwa. I-PMI iqinisekisa i-alloy identity kuma-bundle. Isethi yamadokhumenti inikeza ukulandeleka kwe-MTC kusukela ekushiseni kuya kunqwaba, ngemibandela yokwamukela kanye namafomethi okubika okuvunyelwene ngawo ku-ITP. Uma umnikazi ekudinga,{10}}ukufakaza komuntu wesithathu (isb.BV, SGS) ingahlelwa.

Uku-oda Ulwazi - Izinkambu ezizogcwala ku-Datasheet

Ithebula 4 - Izinkambu ze-Datasheet nokufakiwe okujwayelekile

Inkambu	Ukufaka okuvamile
Ibanga / ibanga elibili	304/304L, 316/316L, 321/321H, 347/347H; H-ibanga lapho kudingeka khona amandla aphezulu okushisa
Usayizi nohlelo	I-NPS, ishejuli (5S/10S/40S/80S), udonga olulinganisiwe uma ludingeka
Ubude neziphetho	Sika-ukuya-ubude noma ngokungahleliwe; qeda ukulungiselela (i-plain/square{2}cut/beveled)
Umzila wokukhiqiza	Kwamukeleka okungenamthungo kanye/noma okushiselwe; imibandela yokulingana kanye nokufakwa kwe-NDE
Ukwelashwa kokushisa nendawo	Isixazululo sesisombululo; okufakwe emanzini anosawoti/okungavunyelwe noma i-BA; Imibandela yokuhlanzeka kamazisi
NDE nokwamukelwa	Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hydrostatic noma kagesi; Ukufakwa kwe-EC/UT; ukwamukela kanye nokubika
Ukupakishwa nokuhlanzeka	Amakepisi okugcina, ukoma, imikhawulo ye-chloride, ukuvikelwa kwe-ID
Ukubhalwa nokulandeleka	Imininingwane ye-MTC (EN 10204), ububanzi be-PMI, ukumaka/ukufaka ibhakhodi
Ukubandakanyeka-kwenkampani yangaphandle	Ukufakaza/ukuhlola ububanzi uma kucaciswe umnikazi

Ukusekelwa Kwephrojekthi

Okwamaphrojekthi akhiwe nxazonkeI-ASTM A312 insimbi engagqwali, Ipayipi le-Octalinikeza 304/304L, 316/316L, 321/321H, 347/347H futhi kwakhethwa amabanga akhethekile anesixazululo{8}}ama-annealed finishes, pickling/passivation, cut{9}}kuya{10}}kusevisi yobude kanye namadokhumenti aqondaniswe nama-ITP ephrojekthi. Ukuhlolwa okuzimele{12} kwenkampani yangaphandle kungahlelwa ngokwesicelo.

FAQ

Q1: Lisetshenziselwa ini ipayipi lensimbi engagqwali i-ASTM A312 (ASME SA312)?
A1:Ipayipi lensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic{0}}yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye namapayipi esevisi okugqwala okujwayelekile.

Q2: Ngikhetha kanjani phakathi kwe-TP304/304L ne-TP316/316L yepayipi le-ASTM A312?
A2:Khetha i-304/304L yokugqwala okujwayelekile; khetha u-316/316L ukuze uthole ukumelana okungcono kwe-pitting/umfantu kuma-chloride.

Q3: Yini okufanele ngiyicele ukuze ngiqinisekise ikhwalithi yepayipi ye-ASTM A312 ngaphambi kokuthenga?
A3:Cela imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-MTC/ukulandeleka, i-hydrotest noma i-NDE, i-PMI, nanoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kokugqwala okucacisiwe (isb., i-ASTM A262) kanye nokuhlola kobukhulu/kokuqeda.

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