Ukucaciswa Kweshubhu ye-ASTM A213 T11

Incazelo yomkhiqizo

I-ASTM A213 Grade T11 iyishubhu ye-ferritic chromium engenamthungo{2}}ye-molybdenum (Cr-Mo) esetshenziswa endaweni yesitimu esishisayo ne-flue{4}}izindawo zegesi. Ibanga lenzelwa ukucindezela-izingxenye ezithwalayo kumabhoyela wamandla, ama-HRSG, ama-heaters e-petrochemical kanye{7}}nezishintshi zokushisa zezinga eliphezulu{7}}lapho i-carbon steel ingakwazi ukubamba ukumelana ne-oxidation noma amandla okukhasa.
I-Octal Pipe ihlinzeka nge-T11 esimweni esivamile-kanye{2}}nesimo esishisayo, esinokulawula ubukhulu, ukuhlola okugcwele ku-ASTM A213/A1016 kanye nezitifiketi zokugaya, ukuze iqonde ngqo kubhayela futhi icubungule ukwakhiwa.

astm a213 t11 tubing bundles for boiler and superheater service - octal pipe

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Isici	Okuqukethwe (%)	Umsebenzi
C	0.05 – 0.15	Inikeza amandla nokumelana ne-creep, ihlala i-weldable
UMn	0.30 – 0.60	I-Ductility, ukusebenza okushisayo
Si	0.50 – 1.00	Isekela ukumelana ne-oxidation
P	Ngaphansi noma kulingana no-0.025	Imikhawulo embrittlement
S	Ngaphansi noma kulingana no-0.025	Ilawulwa ngenxa yokuqina
Cr	1.00 – 1.50	Ukumelana nokukala kusitimu / igesi ephehlayo
Mo	0.44 – 0.65	Amandla okunwaya nokuphuka

Le bhalansi ye-chromium–molybdenum ingaphansi kune-T22 noma amanye aphezulu-amabanga e-Cr, yingakho i-T11 igoba futhi ishisela kalula, kodwa isasinda kusevisi engu-500–600 degree.

Izakhiwo zemishini

Impahla	Imfuneko	Inhloso
Amandla aqinile	Kukhulu noma kulingana no-415 MPa (60 ksi)	Umthamo wokulayisha uwonke
Amandla esivuno (0.2%)	Kukhulu noma kulingana no-205 MPa (30 ksi)	Ivimbela ukuguqulwa okuhlala njalo
Ukwelula	Kukhulu noma kulingana no-30%	Kudingeka ukugoba, ukugoqa, ukushisela
Ukuqina	Ngaphansi noma kulingana nokuthi 163 HBW	Igcina ukuqina kokuhamba ngebhayisikili okushisayo

Lawa manani afana nesimo sokulethwa esijwayelekile-kanye{1}}nesimo esishisayo esicaciswa amandla kanye namaphrojekthi okuhlanza ngokuvamile.

Ukukhiqiza nokwelapha ukushisa

Ensizakalweni yamashubhu obhayela umzila ubaluleke kakhulu njengekhemistri. I-Octal Pipe isebenzisa umzila ongenamthungo ngaphansi kwe-ASTM A213/A1016:

i-alloy billet iyashisa-ibhoboziwe noma ikhishiwe ukuze kwakheke umsindo ongenalutho
ishubhu liyashisa-ligoqekile noma liyabanda-lidonseleka ku-OD e-odwe, udonga kanye nokuqeda phezulu (okubalulekile ekushiseni{2}}amashubhu okushintshanisa imali)
ishubhu lenziwe lijwayelekile cishe ku-940-980℃ukuze licwenge i-matrix ye-ferritic, isuse ibhande futhi ilinganise izakhiwo zemishini ngobude.
Ishubhu lifudumala cishe ku-675-755℃ukubuyisela i-ductility futhi likhiye ukuhlakazeka okuhle kwama-carbides endaweni

Lo mjikelezo we-N+T yiwo onikeza i-T11 i-microstructure yayo ezinzile: i-chromium ingakha ifilimu ye-oxide eqinile, i-molybdenum ingenza umsebenzi wayo ekuqiniseni i-creep, futhi ishubhu alibi lukhuni kakhulu ukushiselwa. Ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa, amashubhu ayaqondiswa, ahlolwe ngamanzi, futhi ahlolwe ngendlela ye-NDE e-odwe (i-eddy-yamanje noma i-ultrasonic) ngaphambi kokumakwa nokupakishwa. Sonke isinyathelo siyarekhodwa ukuze ishubhu ilandeleke emuva ekushiseni.

Ububanzi be-Dimensional

Ipharamitha	Ibanga / imininingwane
Ububanzi bangaphandle	12.7 – 127 mm (0.5 – 5 in)
Ukujiya kodonga	1.2 - 12 mm
Ubude	Kufika ku-12 m; SRL / DRL / sika-ukuze{2}}ubude
Qeda ukuqeda	I-Plain, beveled, noma ilungiselelwe U-ukugoba / ukuphekwa
OD ukubekezelelana	ngokuvamile ± 1% (i-ASTM A1016 ngayinye)
Ukubekezelela udonga	ngokuvamile ± 10%
Ukuqondile	ngokuvamile Ingaphansi noma ilingana no-0.8 mm/m

Lokhu kuhlanganisa amashubhu ephaneli ye-boiler ejwayelekile, amakhoyili e-superheater/reheater, namakhoyili we-heater yokucwenga.

Ukusebenza kwesevisi

Ekusebenzeni i-T11 yenza i-chromium efanayo-i-rich oxide, ngakho ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi yeshubhu nokwakhiwa kwesikali{2}}kuhamba kancane kune-carbon steel. I-Molybdenum ibambezela ukukhasa nokugqabuka, okubalulekile kumashubhu ahlala ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa nengcindezi izinkulungwane zamahora. Ngenxa yokuthi ukwakheka kuyi-ferrite ethambile, ishubhu ibekezelela imijikelezo yokuqala-yokumisa kuma-HRSG kanye nezitshalo zokuhlanganisa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuqondisa ngokushesha okukhulu. Ama-welds agcina ubuqotho ngemva kwe-PWHT lapho kusetshenziswa izinsimbi zokugcwalisa{6}}ezifanelekayo eziphansi.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza

i-boiler waterwall, i-superheater, i-reheater kanye namashubhu e-economizer ezitshalweni zamandla ashisayo
I-HRSG /{0}}amajeneretha esitimu ahlanganisiwe
ama-heaters e-petrochemical kanye ne-refinery process
-igobolondo eliphezulu lezinga lokushisa{1}}kanye{2}}nezishintshi zokushisa zamashubhu
izinsiza ezishisayo kanye nemigqa yokucubungula ngaphakathi kwamandla namayunithi amakhemikhali

Ukuhlola kanye nemibhalo

Ukuhlola kwenziwa ngokuhambisana ne-ASTM A213 kanye nezimfuneko ezijwayelekile ze-A1016. Lokho kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic noma i-eddy-yamanje yokuzwakala kodonga, ukuqineka kanye nokuhlolwa kokuqina ngokushisa ngakunye{4}}kundawo yokwelapha ngayinye, ukwenza isicaba/ukuvutha ukuze kubonakale ukuthi i-ductility, kanye nokuhlola okubukwayo nobukhulu. Kumaphrojekthi ane-QA/QC ephakeme, i-Octal Pipe ingangeza amasheke e-ultrasonic noma e-radiographic. Wonke amashubhu ahlinzekwa nge-EN 10204 3.1 noma 3.2 MTCs ukuze umnikazi akwazi ukufayela imiphumela yamakhemikhali, emishini kanye ne-NDE ngenombolo yokushisa.

Kungani umthombo we-ASTM A213 T11 kusuka ku-Octal Pipe

i-real seamless Cr-I-Mo tubing isesimweni esijwayelekile-kanye{2}}nesimo esishisayo, hhayi nje i-generic carbon{3}}ishubhu lensimbi
ubukhulu, izivivinyo kanye nokumaka okuhambisana namandla, ubhayela, i-HRSG kanye nezici zokuhluza
thekelisa-izinqwaba ezilungile ezinokuvikela ekugcineni-zokuthunyelwa okude
ukusekela konjiniyela ukufanisa i-T11 ne-Cr ehlobene-amabanga e-Mo (T22, A335 P11/P22) lapho iyunithi efanayo isebenzisa ama-alloys ambalwa
ukwakheka kwekhasi umkhiqizo obhaliwe-okokuqala futhi oqondile ngokobuchwepheshe, ukuze usize isayithi lakho elisha lifakwe ohlwini njengekhasi labahlinzeki, hhayi okuqukethwe kwesifanekiso

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