Uyini Umehluko Phakathi kuka-304 no-316 Insimbi Engagqwali?
I-304 kanye ne-316 insimbi engagqwali womabili amamaki e-austenitic angenasici, kodwa awashintsheki uma indawo yesevisi iba yisidingo kakhulu. Umehluko obaluleke kakhulu wezobuchwepheshe ukwakheka: okujwayelekile okungu-304 yi-chromium{4}}insimbi engagqwali ye-nickel, kuyilapho i-316 yengeza cishe u-2–3% we-molybdenum futhi ngokuvamile iphethe ububanzi be-nickel obuphezulu. Lokho kwengezwa kwe-molybdenum kuyisizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi i-316 ngokuvamile inikeza ukumelana okungcono nokubola kwe-pitting kanye nokugqwala kwe-chloride{10}}ezindaweni ezithwalayo ezifana nomoya wasogwini, ukungcoliswa kukasawoti, ukuwa kwamakhemikhali, namanye amasevisi okucubungula. Ngokuphambene, i-304 iyibanga elivame kakhulu lenjongo{13}}yemishini yasendlini, umsebenzi we-atmosphere omnene, nezingxenye ezakhiwe lapho ukuchayeka kwe-chloride kukhawulelwe.
Umehluko phakathi kuka-304 no-316 wensimbi engagqwali ngakho-ke awuwona ikakhulukazi umbuzo wamandla noma ukubukeka. Esimeni esijwayelekile sokufakwa kwe-anneal, amazinga azo ayisisekelo wokusebenza asondele kakhulu, futhi womabili asetshenziswa kakhulu eshidini, ipuleti, ishubhu, ipayipi, okokufakwayo, amathangi, nezinto zokusebenza ezenziwe. Ukuhlukana kwangempela yi-corrosion margin. Uma isevisi yomile, ihlanzekile, futhi{5}}ingenalo udlame, i-304 ngokuvamile yanele. Uma indawo engaphezulu izobona ama-chloride,{8}}ukuchayeka olwandle{8}okuseduze, noma ikhemistri yokuhlanza eqinile, i-316 ivamise ukuhlinzeka ngesisekelo sezinto ezithembeke kakhulu. Lowo umehluko osebenzayo phakathi kuka-304 no-316 wensimbi engagqwali ekusetshenzisweni kobunjiniyela.
Ukwahlukaniswa Kwezinto Ezingu-304 nezingu-316 Zensimbi Engagqwali
304 kanye ne-316 ngezakwa-300-uchungechunge lwensimbi engagqwali ye-austeniticiqembu. Ngakho-ke ukuqhathanisa akukhona phakathi kwamakilasi ezinto ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele, kodwa phakathi kwezinsimbi ezimbili ze-nickel ezisondelene kakhulu ezinokwakheka okufanayo nokushisela, nokho ukusebenza kokugqwala okuhlukile uma kungena ama-chloride nezimo eziqinile esithombeni.
Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuphinde kusebenze kuwo wonke amafomu omkhiqizo wokugaya, kuhlanganisainsimbi engagqwali ikhoyili, ishidi, ipuleti, ipayipi, neshubhu. Ekufakweni kwamakhoyili, i-304 ne-316 zombili zingahlinzekwa ukuze zenziwe, zenziwe, futhi zicutshungulwe ezansi nomfula, kodwa akufanele zithathwe njengezishintshekayo uma indawo yesevisi yethula i-chloride{3}}ephethe umswakama, idiphozithi kasawoti, noma ukuchayeka kwamakhemikhali okunamandla.
Ngokombono wobunjiniyela, yingakho i-304 ne-316 insimbi engagqwali ivame ukuqhathaniswa kumaphrojekthi afanayo. Zombili zingakwazi ukwanelisa imizila eminingi yokwenziwa efanayo, kodwa aziphenduli ngokulinganayo endaweni yesevisi efanayo.
Umehluko Wokuqamba Phakathi kuka-304 no-316 Wensimbi Engagqwali
304 kanye ne-316 Stainless Steel igebe lamakhemikhali liqondile. I-Standard 304 yakhiwe eduze kwe-chromium ne-nickel. I-Standard 316 isebenzisa isisekelo esifanayo, kodwa yengeza i-molybdenum futhi ngokuvamile iphethe ububanzi be-nickel obuphakeme. Yingakho i-316 ivame ukukhethwa lapho ukumelana ne-chloride kuba okubaluleke kakhulu.
| Into | 304 insimbi engagqwali | 316 insimbi engagqwali | Ukufunda ngobuchwepheshe |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukuqokwa kwebanga elivamile | Thayipha 304 | Thayipha 316 | Zombili ziyizinsimbi ezingenasici ezijwayelekile ze-austenitic ochungechungeni lwama-300. |
| Ukuqokwa kwe-UNS / EN | S30400 / 1.4301 | S31600 / 1.4401 | Iwusizo uma i-athikili idinga ukubukeka ngobuchwepheshe kakhulu futhi ingathambekele kumthengi-encane. |
| I-Chromium (Cr) | 18.0–20.0% | 16.0–18.0% | Womabili amabanga ancike ku-chromium ekwenzeni-ukwakheka kwefilimu nokuziphatha okungenabala okuyisisekelo. |
| I-Nickel (Ni) | 8.0–10.5% | 10.0–14.0% | 316 ngokuvamile iphethe ububanzi be-nickel obuphakeme. |
| I-Molybdenum (Mo) | - | 2.0–3.0% | Lokhu ukuthuthukiswa kwekhemikhali okuyinhloko ngo-316 kanye nesizathu esibaluleke kakhulu esenza ukuthi isebenze kangcono ezindaweni ezine-chloride{1}}equkethe. |
| Ikhabhoni (ubuningi.) | 0.08% | 0.08% | Amabanga ajwayelekile; {{0}amabanga ekhabhoni L aphansi ngokuvamile akhethwa lapho ukugqwala kwe-welding kanye ne-intergranular corrosion kubaluleke kakhulu. |
| I-Manganese (ubukhulu) | 2.00% | 2.00% | Umkhawulo wesisekelo ofanayo kukhemistri evamile. |
| I-silicon (ubukhulu) | 0.75–1.00%* | 0.75–1.00%* | Indima encane ye-alloying; umkhawulo uyahluka kancane kuye ngereferensi esetshenzisiwe. |
| I-Phosphorus (ubukhulu) | 0.045% | 0.045% | Umkhawulo wokungcola ofanayo. |
| Isibabule (ubukhulu) | 0.030% | 0.030% | Umkhawulo wokungcola ofanayo. |
| I-nitrogen (ubukhulu) | 0.10% | 0.10% | Umkhawulo ofanayo ojwayelekile, nakuba i-nitrogen-ehlukile eguquliwe ikhona ngaphandle kokuqhathanisa okuyisisekelo. |
| Umahluko osuselwe ekuqanjweni okuyinhloko{0} | I-Cr-Insimbi engagqwali | Cr-Ni-Mo insimbi engagqwali | Umehluko we-304 no-316 wensimbi engagqwali ikakhulukazi aI-molybdenum-umehluko we-corrosion oqhutshwayo, akuwona umehluko omkhulu wekilasi-. |
Landa:Umehluko Wokuqamba Phakathi kuka-304 no-316 Wensimbi Engagqwali
Leli thebula lichaza ukuthi kungani i- 304 kanye no-316 umehluko wensimbi engagqwalingokuvamile akuchazwa njengokuthuthukiswa kwamandla kuqala. Iwukuthuthukiswa kwe-chemistry{1}}driven corrosion.
Ukumelana nokugqwala kuwumugqa oyinhloko wokuhlukanisa
Ekufakweni okuningi kwangempela, umbuzo awukona ukuthi zombili izinto azinabala, kodwa ukuthi imvelo iqukethe ama-chloride anele ukwenza i-304 ingathembeki kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ama-Chlorides iphoyinti lapho ukuqhathanisa kwe-304 kanye ne-316 yensimbi engagqwali kuba bucayi kakhulu. Isifutho sikasawoti, umoya wasolwandle, usawoti we-deicing, i-chlorine{5}}izihlanzi ezithwalayo, namanye amakhemikhali enqubo angaphushela i-304 ekungcoleni, emigodini, noma ekugqwaleni ngaphambi kuka-316.
I-316 ayivikeleki ekugqwaleni ngoba iqukethe i-molybdenum. Isenayo imingcele. Kodwa ngensizakalo yokuthela i-chloride{3}, ngokuvamile inikeza umkhawulo obanzi wokusebenza kuno-304.
| Isimo sesevisi | 304 insimbi engagqwali | 316 insimbi engagqwali | Ukufundwa kobuchwepheshe okuningiliziwe |
|---|---|---|---|
| Umkhathi owomile wasendlini | Ngokujwayelekile kufanelekile | Futhi kufanelekile | Ensimini eyomile yasendlini enokungcola okuphansi futhi engenawo amadiphozithi ane-chloride-, inzuzo yokugqwala engu-316 ngokuvamile ayinqamuki. Ukuqedwa kwendawo, ukuhlanza, kanye nekhwalithi yokwenziwa kungase kubaluleke ngaphezu koshintsho lwebanga ngokwalo. |
| Isimo sangaphandle esithambile kude nosawoti | Ngokuvamile kufanelekile | Futhi kufanelekile | Ensizakalweni yangaphandle ngaphandle kokufakwa kukasawoti oqinile, womabili amabanga angenza kahle, kodwa ukungcoliswa kwetiye, ukungcoliswa kwendawo, ukugeleza kwamanzi, nesimo sokuqeda kusathinta ukubukeka nokusebenza{0}}kwesikhathi eside. |
| Isimo sogu / ukuchayeka olwandle-okuseduze | Ithambekele kakhulu ekungcoleni nasemgodini | Ngokuvamile kuyakhethwa | Emoyeni wasolwandle, i-316 ivame ukukhethwa ngenxa yokuthi ukungezwa kwe-molybdenum kuthuthukisa ukumelana ne-chloride{1}}i-driven pitting kanye ne-crevice corrosion{2}} isengasetshenziswa kwezinye izimo zasogwini ezithambile, kodwa umkhawulo uba mncane futhi ukunakekelwa kubaluleke kakhulu. |
| Isevisi yamanzi kampompi | Okuvame ukwamukeleka kuye ngezinga lamanzi | Ngokujwayelekile kuyabekezelela | I-ASSDA iphawula ukuthi i-316 isebenza kahle emanzini kampompi ngezansi250 ppm chloride. Lokho akwenzi ngokuzenzakalela ukuthi i-304 ingafaneleki, kodwa kukhombisa ukuthi kungani i-316 ivame ukuthandwa njengoba okuqukethwe kwe-chloride kukhuphuka noma izimfuneko zokuthembeka kwesevisi ziba nzima. |
| Isevisi ye-aqueous engathathi hlangothi ezingeni lokushisa elizungezile, ngaphandle kwemifantu | Ingasetshenziswa cishe200 ppm chloride | Ingasetshenziswa cishe1000 ppm chloride | Umhlahlandlela we-ASSDA wesevisi engathathi hlangothi unikeza umugqa wokukhetha oyinkomba:304/304L azungeze 200 ppm chloride, 316/316L cishe ku-1000 ppm chloride. Lena akuyona imingcele yedizayini yendawo yonke; imifantu, amadiphozithi, izinga lokushisa, kanye ne-pH kunganciphisa ukubekezelelana. |
| Amanzi angcolile / aphansi-kuya{1}}kumanzi e-chloride amaphakathi | I-Marginal cishe200–1000 mg/L chloridekuye ngezimo | Ngokuvamile kukhethwa ebangeni elifanayo | I-World Stainless iphawula ukuthi Uhlobo 304 lungaba kuphelaeyanelisa kancanecishe ku200-1000 mg/L chlorideububanzi, kuyilapho Uhlobo 316 luyinketho ekhethwayo lapho. Lesi isibonelo esihle sokuthi kungani imifantu nezimo ezimile zibalulekile njengebanga elijwayelekile. |
| I-Chloride-enokugeza phansi / ukudla noma ukuhlanza inqubo | Ingase ikhawulelwe kuye ngezinga le-chloride, isikhathi sokuthintana, kanye{0}nezinsalela ezomile | Ivamise ukumelana kakhulu | Ngokuwasha okuphindaphindiwe, okuhlukile okubalulekile akukona nje kuphela ikhemistri ehlanzekile kodwa futhi ukugxilisa ingqondo, izinga lokushisa, ikhwalithi yokuwasha, nokuthi ingabe ama-chloride ahlala phezulu ngemva kokoma. 316 ngokuvamile anikeza umkhawulo obanzi wokusebenza. |
| Imidiya ye-Acidic chloride / inqubo yamakhemikhali enolaka | Ngokuvamile ezingafaneleki noma ezinomkhawulo kakhulu | Kungcono kunokungu-304 kwezinye izimo, kodwa kube okumaphakathi{1}}okuqondile | Ezixazululweni ezine-acidic noma ezingathathi hlangothi ze-chloride, ukugqwala kwe-pitting kanye nokuqhekeka yikona okukhathaza kakhulu. I-Outokumpu iphawula ukuthi ukwanda kwe-chromium, i-molybdenum, ne-nitrogen kuthuthukisa ukumelana, kodwa ngisho ne-316 inemikhawulo ecacile kusevisi ye-chloride eqinile{2}}ye-asidi. |
Ngomsebenzi wezitshalo, ukucutshungulwa kokudla, ukushibilika kwezinsiza, izindawo ezivalekile, nemihlangano eyenziwe, lesi kuvame ukuba yisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu. Amagama amakhemikhali awabalulekile kakhulu kunalokho okuzobonwa ingaphezulu ekusebenzeni.
Ukuqhathaniswa Kwempahla Yemishini ka-304 kanye ne-316 Yensimbi Engagqwali
Ngokombono wemishini{0}},304futhi316zisondelene kunalokho okusikiselwa ukuqhathanisa okuningi okwenziwe lula.Ngaphansi kokucaciswa okuvame ukucashunwa okuyisicaba{0}}komkhiqizo ogoqiwe, womabili amabanga abelana ngobuncane obulinganayoamandla aqinile, veza amandla, futhiubudeesesimweni esibucayi. Yingakho isinqumo sebanga ezicelweni eziningi singaqhutshwa kuqala{1}}ngamandla ezinga lokushisa{1}}ezinga lokushisa, kodwa siqhutshwa indawo yokugqwala, umzila wokwenziwa, kanye nendawo yesevisi. Ngaphansi kwamashidi ebanga afingqiwe i-World Stainless / Atlas yomkhiqizo ogoqiwe we-ASTM A240/A240M-womabili.304futhi316zibhalwe ku515 MPa ubuncane be-tensile amandla, 205 MPa ubuncane bamandla obufakazi obungu-0.2%., futhi40% ubude obuncane.
Ukufundwa kobuchwepheshe okuwusizo kakhulu ukuthi womabili amamaki aqala esisekelweni esifana kakhulu sesakhiwo, kodwa awafani kuyo yonke impahla yesibili noma ukucatshangelwa kokwenziwa.316ivumela ubulukhuni obuphezulu obuphezulu kancane kudatha egoqiwe eyisicaba{0}ekhonjiwe, kuyilapho304futhi316womabili ahlala amamaki e-austenitic avame ukuqiniswa yiumsebenzi obandayo kunokwelapha ukushisa. Umthombo ofanayo usethe futhi uphawula ukuthi izigaba ezishiselwe esindayo ku316ngokuvamile ukuya ngase316Llapho ingozi yezulu ye-carbide encishisiwe idingeka, ngenkathi304Lisetshenziswa ngokufanayo lapho ukushisela kanye nokulawula ukugqwala kwe-intergranular kubaluleke kakhulu.
| Indawo / iphuzu lobuchwepheshe | 304 insimbi engagqwali | 316 insimbi engagqwali | Ukufunda ngobuchwepheshe |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amandla aqinile, imiz. | 515 MPa | 515 MPa | Awukho umehluko ozwakalayo wesihloko esidingekayo ngaphansi kwedatha yomkhiqizo egoqiwe ecanjiwe-. |
| Amandla esivuno, ubufakazi obungu-0.2%, ubuncane. | 205 MPa | 205 MPa | Ileveli yesakhiwo sesisekelo iyafana esimweni esishubile. |
| Ubude ngo-50 mm, min. | 40% | 40% | Womabili amabanga agcina i-ductility ephezulu futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu lapho ukwakheka kuyadingeka. |
| Ubulukhuni be-Rockwell B, max. | 92 HRB | 95 HRB | I-316 ivunyelwe ubulukhuni obukhulu obuphakeme kancane eshidini lebanga elikhonjiwe. |
| Brinell hardness, max. | 201 HB | 217 HB | Futhi, umehluko omncane, kodwa hhayi ngokuvamile umshayeli wokukhetha oyinhloko. |
| Indlela yokuqinisa | Umsebenzi obandayo-uqiniswe ekusebenzeni | Umsebenzi obandayo-uqiniswe ekusebenzeni | Alikho ibanga elivame ukukhethwa ngenxa yenzuzo-yamandla okwelapha okushisa. |
| Inketho eshiselwe{0}yekhabhoni ephansi | 304Levame ukusetshenziswa lapho ukushisela kanye intergranular corrosion control kubalulekile | 316Levame ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo kusevisi eyonakalisayo | Amabanga "L" abaluleke kakhulu ekwenziweni okushiselwe kunelebula elula engu-304 vs 316 iyodwa. |
| Isitoko{0} esiqinisekisiwe esikabili | 304 / 304L ukuqinisekiswa okukabili kuvamile epuletini, epayipini, nakwibha eyindilinga | 316 / 316L ukuqinisekiswa okukabili kuvamile epuletini, epayipini, nakwibha eyindilinga | Isitoko sangempela esilethiwe ngokuvamile sidinga ukuhlolwa ngokumelene nesitifiketi sokuhlolwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, hhayi ukucatshangelwa encazelweni yebanga elifushane. |
Landa:304 vs 316 Insimbi Engagqwali: Izakhiwo Zemishini Nokuqonda Kokukhetha
Yingakho ukuqhathanisa kwe-304 kanye ne-316 yensimbi engagqwali kuvame ukuxazululwa indawo ezungezile, hhayi ngokushintsha okumangalisayo kwegumbi{2}}lamandla emishini yezinga lokushisa.
Ungakhetha Nini 304 Insimbi Engagqwali
304ivamise ukukhethwa lapho isevisi ihlanzekile, yonala kancane, futhi ingaqhutshwa ukufakwa kwe-chloride noma ukugcinwa kukasawoti. Izimo ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:
- Imishini yasendlini imboza, izivalo, nezingxenye zokusekelaezindaweni zokusebenzela ezomile, ezindlini zokusebenzela, izintambo zokupakisha, nasezindaweni ezijwayelekile zokukhiqiza lapho umkhathi uzinzile futhi ukungcoliswa kukasawoti kungalindelekile.
- Ukudla-okuthintana naye noma izingxenye zekhishi{1}}ezakhiwenjengamabhentshi, osinki, ama-splash panel,-amathange omsebenzi alula, namashubhu lapho kudingeka khona ukuhlanzwa okujwayelekile kodwa ikhemistri yokuhlanza ayinawo i-chloride enamandla{1}futhi okokusebenza akushiywa nezinsalela zikasawoti ezigxilile.
- Imidwebo yezakhiwo nezokuhlobisaesetshenziswa ezindaweni zangaphandle ezivikelekile noma zangaphakathi, okuhlanganisa ukugunda, ama-handrails, amakhava amakholomu, namaphaneli ahlanganisa{0}}ezindaweni ezingezona zasolwandle.
- Izinqubo kanye nezingxenye zosizonjengamakhava, izindlu, abakaki bezinsimbi, amaphaneli okufinyelela,-namashubhu omsebenzi alula lapho imfuneko eyinhloko iwukumelana nokugqwala okuvamile kunokumelana nokuhlasela kwe-chloride.
- Isitoreji nezinto zokwakhanjengamakhabethe, amatafula okusebenza, ama-chute, ama-hopper,{0}}namathange angacwilisiwe lapho umswakama udlula, amanzi ahlanzekile, futhi amadiphozithi angahlali ngaphezulu isikhathi eside.
- Izindwangu ezishiselwe enkonzweni encanelapho indawo ezungezile ingakuthetheleli ukuya ku-molybdenum-ibanga lokuzala, nalapho i-304 noma i-304L isivele ihlangabezana nokugqwala okudingekile nokusebenza kokwenziwa.
Ungakhetha Nini 316 Insimbi Engagqwali
316ivamise ukukhethwa lapho indawo yesevisi yethula umthamo we-chloride ophikelela kakhudlwana, ikhemikhali yokugeza eqinile, noma ingozi eqinile yokubola nokugqwala kwemigodi. Izimo ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:
- Imikhiqizo yasogwini neyasolwandle{0}}eseduzenjengama-railing angaphandle, amabhokisi wezinsimbi, amafreyimu ezinto zokusebenza, izitebhisi, nezinkundla zokufinyelela ezichayeke-emoyeni osindileyo,{1}}amadiphozithi aphethwe umoya, noma{2}}indawo engcolisiwe.
- I-Washdown{0}}impahla yokucubungula esindayoekudleni, esiphuzweni, ezitshalweni zemithi, noma zamakhemikhali lapho okungaphezulu kuvezwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ekuhlanzeni izixazululo, izibulala-magciwane, kanye nemijikelezo emanzi{0}}eyomile eshiya izinsalela ezigqwalayo.
- Isisetshenziswa sangaphandle kanye nehadiwe yokucubungulanjengezisekelo zamapayipi, ama-clamp, amabhokisi okuhlanganayo, onogada bamavalvu, nabakaki abakhiqiziwe abafakwe lapho usawoti we-deicing, i-industrial fallout, noma i-chloride{0}}ethwele amadiphozithi ahlala phezulu phakathi kwezikhawu zokulungisa.
- Amathangi, amashubhu, nemihlangano eyenziweukuphatha imidiya noma izimo zenqubo ezidinga i-corrosion margin ephakeme kunaleyo engu-304 enganikeza, ikakhulukazi lapho imifantu, imigqa ye-gasket, ama-lap joints, noma{1}}imininingwane ephansi yokukhipha amanzi iyingxenye yomklamo.
- Izitshalo zamakhemikhali-zokwenziwa kwezinsiza zasogwinilapho indawo ezungezile ingekho nzima ngokwanele ukuthi idinga isistimu yealloy ephakeme kakhulu, kodwa isanolaka ngokwanele kangangokuthi i-304 ingaba sengozini enkulu yokungcoliswa, ukugoba, noma ukuhlaselwa kwendawo ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
- Amathuluzi angaphandle{0}empilo endelapho ukugcinwa kokubukeka, ukunciphisa imvamisa yokulungisa, kanye nokumelana kangcono ne-chloride-i-pitting ehlobene kubaluleke kakhulu kunokunciphisa izindleko zento yokuqala.
FAQ
01.Ingabe i-316 ihlala ingcono kune-304 insimbi engagqwali ukuze isetshenziswe ngaphandle?
02.Kukuliphi izinga le-chloride okufanele i-304 ithuthukiswe ibe yi-316 insimbi engagqwali?
03.Ezintweni ezishiselwe, kufanele ngiqhathanise 304 vs 316 noma 304L vs 316L?
04.Ingabe insimbi engagqwali engu-316 ilungele amanzi olwandle noma isevisi ye-chloride eshisayo?
Izitifiketi
Isitifiketi se-CE
Isitifiketi se-ISO 9001
Isitifiketi se-API Q1
Isitifiketi se-ABS
Isitifiketi se-AP-5L
Isitifiketi se-API-5CT
